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Per Bak
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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Per Bak (* 8. Dezember 1948 in BrΓΈnderslev, DΓ€nemark; β 16. Oktober 2002 in Kopenhagen) war ein dΓ€nischer theoretischer Physiker, der sich einen Namen in der Erforschung emergenter, komplexer Systeme gemacht hat.
Contents
β’ Leben
β’ Schriften
β’ Weblinks
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Leben
Er promovierte 1974 an der UniversitΓ€t Roskilde, DΓ€nemark. Danach lehrte und forschte er am Brookhaven National Laboratory, am Santa Fe Institute in New Mexico, am Niels-Bohr-Institut in Kopenhagen und ab 2000 als Professor am Imperial College London.
In seiner Forschung untersuchte er zunΓ€chst magnetische und strukturelle Eigenschaften von FestkΓΆrpern, insbesondere in der NΓ€he von PhasenΓΌbergΓ€ngen. Beispielhaft erwΓ€hnt seien seine Originalarbeiten (mit Juhani von Boehm, Jacques Villain und anderen) sowie sein Γberblicksartikel von 1982 zu kommensurablen und inkommensurablen magnetischen Ordnungen, u. a. in Ising-Modellen mit konkurrierenden Wechselwirkungen, ANNNI-Modell, welche ein groΓes Interesse in der Fachwelt hervorriefen.
1987 verΓΆffentlichte er zusammen mit seinen Kollegen Chao Tang und Kurt Wiesenfeld seine bahnbrechende Arbeit ΓΌber selbstorganisierte KritikalitΓ€t in der Zeitschrift Physical Review Letters. Er stellte die Ideen in einen breiteren Zusammenhang in seinem 1996 erschienenen Buch "How Nature works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality".
Seit 1993 war er Fellow der American Physical Society.
Schriften
β’ Commensurate Phases, Incommensurate Phases and the Devil's Staircase, Reports Progress Physics, Bd. 45 (1982): S. 587β629.
β’ mit Chao Tang, Kurt Wiesenfeld: Self-Organized Criticality: An Explanation of 1/f Noise, Physical Review Letters, Bd. 59 (1987): S. 381β384.
β’ mit Tang, Wiesenfeld: Self-organized criticality, Phys. Rev. A, Band 38, 1988, S. 364β374
β’ How nature works. The Science of Self-Organized Criticality, New York 1996. ISBN 0-387-94791-4
β’ Ricard V. SolΓ©, Susanna C. Manrubia, Michael Benton, Stuart Kauffman, Per Bak: Criticality and scaling in evolutionary ecology, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Volume 14, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 156-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01518-3.
Weblinks
β’ nbi.dk: Per Bak, Physicist of Sudden Change, Dies at 54
β’ Professor Per Bak (December 8, 1947 - October 16, 2003) (Memento vom 8. April 2005 im Internet Archive)